By Maria Paschou[1] In June 2024, the European Commission (“Commission”) initiated formal infringement proceedings against Hungary—a move that underscores a deepening conflict between the Commission’s interpretation of EU law and established principles of public international law.  The dispute centres on the Energy Charter Treaty (“ECT”) and, more specifically, on intra-EU investment arbitrations relying on the… Read More The European Commission’s Legal Overreach: Infringement Proceedings Against Hungary and the Ignored International Law

Ana Preoteasa is an in-house disputes lawyer at PPC Energy in Romania, specializing in disputes in the energy, commercial, and administrative sectors. Before joining the company, she gained eight years of experience as a lawyer (member of Bucharest Bar, Romania), handling litigation across various areas of law. Young EFILA:   What attracted you to a… Read More Young EFILA in Conversation with… Ana Preoteasa

This edition of the Quarterly Review highlights major developments in the investment arbitration landscape between July and September 2025. Introduction The third quarter of 2025 saw the European Commission’s unprecedented referral of Hungary to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) over intra-EU arbitration, the adoption of a landmark inter-se agreement formalizing the… Read More Quarterly Review: July – September 2025

By Jason Czerwiec[1] The energy sector is experiencing unprecedented transformation, and with it, the landscape of international dispute resolution is evolving at breakneck speed. This reality was front and centre at the GAR Live: Energy Disputes 2025 conference, held on July 2nd at the London offices of King & Spalding, where leading practitioners, arbitrators, and… Read More Energy Disputes 2025: Navigating the New Landscape of International Arbitration